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terminal [2010-01-22 19:57]
asciiphil Add links to commands. |
terminal [2021-02-19 19:35]
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| ===== Terminal Manipulations ===== | |
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| ==== Basics ==== | |
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| ==== Extras ==== | |
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| ''screen'' is flexible about flow control. Traditionally, some terminals | |
| do flow control in-band, using ''^S'' when they want to stop the flow data | |
| and ''^Q'' when they want it to resume. On the other hand, some programs | |
| (such as ''emacs'') use those keys for other purposes. If flow control is | |
| turned on in ''screen'', ''^S'' will stop screen from sending anything | |
| more to your terminal and ''^Q'' will resume. Turning flow control off | |
| allows those characters to pass through to your programs. The default | |
| setting is "auto", which attempts to determine if flow control is needed | |
| or not. ''screen'' is generally pretty good at figuring this out. | |
| |
| ''screen'' can deal with multiple character sets and character encodings. The | |
| ''[[commands:encoding]]'' and ''[[commands:defencoding]]'' commands can be used to set window | |
| encodings or override the detected terminal encoding. If the display's | |
| and window's encodings differ, ''screen'' will translate between the two. | |
| Characters not in the display's charset are represented by question marks. | |
| ''screen'' does its own encoding and only supports a handful of encodings. As | |
| of version 4.0.2, those are: C, eucJP, SJIS, eucKR, eucCN, Big5, KOI8-R, | |
| CP1251, UTF-8, ISO8859-2, ISO8859-3, ISO8859-4, ISO8859-5, ISO8859-6, | |
| ISO8859-7, ISO8859-8, ISO8859-9, ISO8859-10, ISO8859-15, jis, and GBK. | |
| [//This somehow ties in with the ''[[commands:charset]]'' setting, but I don't | |
| understand that one. <PMG>//] | |
| |
| You can alter various aspects of screen's use of termcap and terminfo, via | |
| the ''[[commands:termcap]]'', ''[[commands:terminfo]]'', and | |
| ''[[commands:termcapinfo]]'' commands. All three have the same syntax. | |
| Using ''[[commands:termcapinfo]]'' is recommended, since that affects both | |
| termcap and terminfo settings. Note that all three require the use of | |
| termcap names; terminfo-style long names are not supported. The most | |
| common use of these commands is to change how ''screen'' treats display | |
| terminals. If you want to change a termcap setting for, say, xterms, you | |
| can use the ''[[commands:termcapinfo]]'' command to change the termcap | |
| definition that ''screen'' uses for that terminal type. This affects only | |
| ''screen'', and can be used to effect changes when you don't want to or | |
| can't change the system terminal definitions. There are also several | |
| [[man:special terminal capabilities]] that are ''screen''-specific. See | |
| the "Examples" section below for specific examples. The other use is to change | |
| the terminal capbilities of ''screen'''s virtual terminal. This can be | |
| useful to alter how other programs interact with ''screen'', without | |
| having to edit ''screen'''s source code and recompile. [//This is ugly. | |
| I need to rewrite it to make it clearer. <PMG>//] | |
| |
| |
| ==== Keybindings ==== | |
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| * ''C-a C-b'' - (''[[commands:break]]'') Sends a break signal to the current window. | |
| * ''C-a B'' - (''[[commands:pow_break]]'') Closes and reopens the terminal and sends a break signal. | |
| * ''C-a f'' - (''[[commands:flow]]'') Toggle flow setting between on, off, and auto. | |
| * ''C-a q'' - (''[[commands:xon]]'') Sends an XON (^Q) to the current window. | |
| * ''C-a r'' - (''[[commands:wrap]]'') Toggle the current window's line-wrap setting. | |
| * ''C-a S'' - (''[[commands:xoff]]'') Sends an XOFF (^S) to the current window. | |
| * ''C-a W'' - (''[[commands:width]]'') Toggle terminal between 80 and 132 columns. | |
| * ''C-a Z'' - (''[[commands:reset]]'') Reset the window's terminal settings to its defaults. | |
| * ''C-a .'' - (''[[commands:dumptermcap]]'') Write out a .termcap file. | |
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| ==== Commands ==== | |
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| * ''[[commands:allpartial]]'' - Global command equivalent to setting ''[[commands:partial]]'' for all current windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:altscreen]]'' - Enables "alternate screen" support (''ti'' and ''te'' termcap settings) for ''screen'' windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:bce]]'' - Sets or toggle background-color-erase setting. | |
| * ''[[commands:c1]]'' - Sets or toggles c1 code processing. | |
| * ''[[commands:charset]]'' - Change the current character set slot designation and charset mapping. | |
| * ''[[commands:defbce]]'' - Same as ''[[commands:bce]]'', but sets the default setting for new windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:defbreaktype]]'' - Sets the type of break signal sent via the ''[[commands:break]]'' or ''[[commands:pow_break]]'' command. | |
| * ''[[commands:defc1]]'' - Same as ''[[commands:c1]]'', but sets the default setting for new windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:defcharset]]'' - Same as ''[[commands:charset]]'', but sets the default setting for new windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:defflow]]'' - Same as ''[[commands:flow]]'', but sets the default setting for new windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:defgr]]'' - Same as ''[[commands:gr]]'', but sets the default setting for new windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:defencoding]]'' - Same as ''[[commands:encoding]]'', but sets the default setting for new windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:defnonblock]]'' - Same as ''[[commands:nonblock]]'', but sets the default setting for new displays. | |
| * ''[[commands:defutf8]]'' - Same as ''[[commands:utf8]]'', but sets the default setting for new windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:defwrap]]'' - Same as ''[[commands:wrap]]'', but sets the default setting for new windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:dinfo]]'' - Shows what settings ''screen'' is using for the current display. | |
| * ''[[commands:dumptermcap]]'' - Tells ''screen'' to create a .termcap file in its socket directory. | |
| * ''[[commands:encoding]]'' - Sets the character encoding for the current window. | |
| * ''[[commands:flow]]'' - Sets the current window's flow control mode. | |
| * ''[[commands:gr]]'' - Sets or toggles GR charset switching. | |
| * ''[[commands:nonblock]]'' - Sets or toggles ''screen'''s behavior when a display stops receiving characters. | |
| * ''[[commands:partial]]'' - Sets whether ''screen'' should draw the entire window when switching windows. | |
| * ''[[commands:printcmd]]'' - Shows or sets the command used for handling the ANSI print sequence ''ESC [ 5 i''. | |
| * ''[[commands:reset]]'' - Resets the current window's virtual terminal settings to their default settings. | |
| * ''[[commands:term]]'' - Changes the value of $TERM that screen passes to its windows' child processes. | |
| * ''[[commands:termcap]]'', ''[[commands:terminfo]]'', and ''[[commands:termcapinfo]]'' - Tweak termcap entries for either ''screen'''s interaction with the display terminal or for the virtual terminal presented to child programs. | |
| * ''[[commands:utf8]]'' - Changes or toggles the encoding on the current window. | |
| * ''[[commands:wrap]]'' - Sets or toggles the current window's line wrap setting. | |
| * ''[[commands:zmodem]]'' - Sets ''screen'''s handling of zmodem communcations. | |
| |
| ==== Examples ==== | |
| |
| Upon being asked to print a block of text, save it to a file in the user's home directory: | |
| |
| <code> | |
| printcmd "cat > ${HOME}/screenprint" | |
| </code> | |
| |
| Upon being asked to print a block of text, print it via ''lpr'': | |
| |
| <code> | |
| printcmd lpr | |
| </code> | |
| |
| Set the ''LP'' capability (the last screen position can be updated) and | |
| remove the ''hs'' capability (presence of a hardstatus line) from | |
| terminals that start with "xterm": | |
| |
| <code> | |
| termcap xterm* LP:hs@ | |
| </code> | |
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| On VT102s and VT220s, set the escape characters to enter (''Z0'') and exit | |
| (''Z1'') 132-column mode: | |
| |
| <code> | |
| termcap vt102|vt220 Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l | |
| </code> | |
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| Add function key labels to the termcap entries for screen's virtual | |
| terminal. For purposes of modifying the windows' termcap entries, the | |
| term-type specified doesn't matter: | |
| |
| <code> | |
| termcap vt100 "" l0=PF1:l1=PF2:l2=PF3:l3=PF4 | |
| </code> | |
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| Abuse ''screen'''s hardstatus support to put things in xterm titlebars. | |
| This tells ''screen'' that ''xterm''s (and related terminals) have a | |
| hardstatus line (''hs'') and sets the escape sequences for entering | |
| (''ts'') and leaving (''fs'') the hardstatus to the sequences for entering | |
| and leaving the titlebar. To go with that, uses | |
| ''[[commands:defhstatus]]'' to set a default message and | |
| ''[[commands:hardstatus]] off'' to tell ''screen'' not to use the | |
| hardstatus line for ''screen'' messages: | |
| |
| <code> | |
| termcapinfo xterm*|rxvt|gnome-terminal|konsole|kterm|Eterm 'hs:ts=\E]0;:fs=\007' | |
| defhstatus "screen ^E (^Et) | $USER@^EH" | |
| hardstatus off | |
| </code> | |
| |
| (FAQ) Turns off alternate screen switching in ''xterm''s, so that text in | |
| ''screen'' will go into the ''xterm'''s scrollback buffer: | |
| |
| <code> | |
| termcapinfo xterm ti@:te@ | |
| </code> | |
| |
| Uses ''screen'''s output translation capability (''XC'') to rot-13 all | |
| output. (Will not work in UTF-8 mode, apparently.): | |
| |
| <code> | |
| termcapinfo * XC=B%,an,AN,bo,BO,cp,CP,dq,DQ,er,ER,fs,FS,gt,GT,hu,HU,iv,IV,jw,JW,kx,KX,ly,LY,mz,MZ,na,NA,ob,OB,pc,PC,qd,QD,re,RE,sf,SF,tg,TG,uh,UH,vi,VI,wj,WJ,xk,XK,yl,YL,zm,ZM | |
| </code> | |
| |
